feat: Partial Except

[PedroAugustoRamalhoDuarte]

This PR introduces support for the X-Inertia-Partial-Except header to the Inertia Rails Renderer. This allows developers to exclude specific props from partial updates when using the Inertia.

Key Changes:

• Added logic to handle X-Inertia-Partial-Except within the computed_props method.
• Implemented new method partial_except_keys to retrieve the excluded props from the request headers and ensure these are omitted from partial updates.
• Updated the computed_props method to exclude props that are listed in X-Inertia-Partial-Except while still allowing props defined in X-Inertia-Partial-Data to be included in the partial update.
• Added unit test to validate that props listed in the X-Inertia-Partial-Except header are not included in the response.

Laravel implementation:

• https://github.com/inertiajs/inertia-laravel/blob/ddf47e999dcdabd2f370e5b9772a7449f4a81729/src/Response.php#L110

[skryukov]

I believe except should not affect always params:

Resolve always properties that should always be included on all visits, regardless of "only" or "except" requests.

https://github.com/inertiajs/inertia-laravel/blob/2.x/src/Response.php#L219

[skryukov]

Another thing I noticed is that we should support alternative to Arr::forget which supports dot notation (i.e. partial can return a nested hash {auth: {user: '', additional: 'data'}}, so we pass partial: 'auth', except: 'auth.additional' and Inertia Rails returns just {auth: {user: ''}).

This is a snippet (untested 😂) for a Arr::forget alternative in Ruby that also ignores AlwaysProp:

  def drop_partial_except_keys(hash)
    partial_except_keys.each do |key|
      parts = key.split('.').map(:to_sym)
      *initial_keys, last_key = parts
      current = hash.dig(*initial_keys)

      # !current[last_key].is_a?(AlwaysProp) isn't pretty
      # but it allows us to use just one loop over merged props on the prev step
      current.delete(last_key) if current.is_a?(Hash) && !current[last_key].is_a?(AlwaysProp)
    end
  end

I guess we can just call this method on _props:

# _props = ...

drop_partial_except_keys(_props) if rendering_partial_component?

# rendering_partial_component(...

@PedroAugustoRamalhoDuarte wdyt?

[PedroAugustoRamalhoDuarte]

Thanks for the review @skryukov, makes total sense

[PedroAugustoRamalhoDuarte]

I think we can ship a v2 beta without this feature like you said, I have never reached a use case to use this one

[skryukov]

Thanks @PedroAugustoRamalhoDuarte! I played a bit with the partial except stuff and decided to add them to inertiajs#132, would love to hear your thoughts!

[PedroAugustoRamalhoDuarte]

@skryukov I have checked the PR, beautiful implementation, congratulations!!