Type registration uses TryAdd and TryAddEnumerable

src/Microsoft.Health.Extensions.DependencyInjection.UnitTests/TypeRegistrationTests.cs

@@ -377,6 +377,54 @@ public void GivenADelegateFromTypeBuilder_WhenResolvingComponent_ThenResolverRet
         IComponent instance = componentFactory.Invoke();
 
         Assert.IsType<ComponentB>(instance);
+
+        Assert.Equal(2, provider.GetServices<IComponent>().Count());
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GivenATypeBuilder_WhenRegisteringMultipleTimes_ThenNoDuplicatesAreAdded()
+    {
+        _collection.Add<ComponentA>()
+            .Transient()
+            .AsSelf()
+            .AsService<IComponent>();
+
+        _collection.Add<ComponentA>()
+            .Transient()
+            .AsSelf()
+            .AsService<IComponent>();
+
+        var provider = _collection.BuildServiceProvider();
+        var services = provider.GetServices<IComponent>();
+        Assert.Single(services);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GivenATypeBuilder_WhenRegisteringMultipleTimes_ThenErrorWithDifferentScopes()
+    {
+        _collection.Add<ComponentA>()
+            .Transient()
+            .AsSelf()
+            .AsService<IComponent>();
+
+        _collection.Add<ComponentA>()
+            .Singleton()
+            .AsSelf()
+            .AsService<IComponent>();
+
+        _collection.BuildServiceProvider();
+
+        Assert.Collection(_collection, r =>
+        {
+            Assert.Equal(ServiceLifetime.Transient, r.Lifetime);
+            Assert.Equal(typeof(ComponentA), r.ServiceType);
+            Assert.Equal(typeof(ComponentA), r.ImplementationType);
+        }, r =>
+        {
+            Assert.Equal(ServiceLifetime.Transient, r.Lifetime);
+            Assert.Equal(typeof(IComponent), r.ServiceType);
+            Assert.Equal(typeof(ComponentA), r.ImplementationType);
+        });
     }
 
     [Fact]

src/Microsoft.Health.Extensions.DependencyInjection/TypeRegistrationBuilder.cs

@@ -212,14 +212,7 @@ private void RegisterType(Type serviceType, bool replace = false)
 
         serviceDescriptor = serviceDescriptor.WithMetadata(_type);
 
-        if (replace)
-        {
-            _serviceCollection.Replace(serviceDescriptor);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            _serviceCollection.Add(serviceDescriptor);
-        }
+        AddToServiceCollection(serviceDescriptor, replace);
     }
 
     private void SetupRootRegistration(Type serviceType, bool replace)
@@ -255,16 +248,28 @@ private void SetupRootRegistration(Type serviceType, bool replace)
         {
             serviceDescriptor = serviceDescriptor.WithMetadata(_type);
 
-            if (replace)
-            {
-                _serviceCollection.Replace(serviceDescriptor);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                _serviceCollection.Add(serviceDescriptor);
-            }
+            AddToServiceCollection(serviceDescriptor, replace);
         }
 
         _cachedResolver = provider => provider.GetService(_firstRegisteredType);
     }
+
+    private void AddToServiceCollection(ServiceDescriptor serviceDescriptor, bool replace)
+    {
+        if (replace)
+        {
+            _serviceCollection.RemoveAll(serviceDescriptor.ServiceType);
+        }
+
+        if (serviceDescriptor.ServiceType == serviceDescriptor.ImplementationType || serviceDescriptor.ImplementationFactory != null)
+        {
+            // Concrete type registration
+            _serviceCollection.TryAdd(serviceDescriptor);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Register services as enumerable
+            _serviceCollection.TryAddEnumerable(serviceDescriptor);
+        }
+    }
 }