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Hardware Agnostic Graphics Library

HAGL is a lightweight hardware agnostics graphics library. It supports basic geometric primitives, bitmaps, blitting, fixed width fonts. Library tries to stay lightweight but targets reasonably powerful microchips such as ESP32. There is no dynamic allocation.

This can still be considered work in progress. API should be 90% stable.

Software License

Old school demo effects

Hardware Abstraction Layer

To use HAGL you must provide a hardware absraction layer. The HAL must provide atleast a hagl_hal_put_pixel(x0, y0, color) function. If nothing else is provided all higher level graphical functions will use this function to draw the primitive. The HAL can override all functions if required (everything not implemented yet). While proper documentation is lacking see the example HAL implementations for GD, SDL2, ESP-IDF (Ilitek, Sitronix, Galaxycore), ESP-IDF (Solomon), Nuclei RISC-V SDK and Raspberry Pi Pico SDK.

Usage

High level functions are pretty self explanatory. For example applications see Pico Effects, ESP Effects, SDL2 Effects, ESP GFX, and GD32V Effects.

Lifecycle

Before you start drawing you should call hagl_init(). Some HAL configurations require you to call hagl_flush() to update the contents of the screen. Before exiting your program it is good idea to call hagl_close()to clean things up.

#include <hagl_hal.h>
#include <hagl.h>

hagl_init();

/* Main loop. */
while (1) {
    hagl_clear_screen();
    hagl_load_image(0, 0, "/sdcard/hello.jpg");
    hagl_flush();
};

hagl_close();

Colors

HAL defines what kind of pixel format is used. Most common is RGB565 which is represented by two bytes. If you are sure you will be using only RGB565 colors you could use the following shortcut to create a random color.

color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

To write portable code which can be run with different pixel formats use the following instead.

uint8_t r = rand() % 255;
uint8_t g = rand() % 255;
uint8_t b = rand() % 255;
color_t color = hagl_color(r, g, b);

Put a pixel

for (uint32_t i = 1; i < 100000; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

    hagl_put_pixel(x0, y0, color);
}

Random pixels

Get a pixel

int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;

color_t pixel = hagl_get_pixel(x0, y0);

Note that if requesting coordinates outside the clip window color black is returned. This behaviour is unoptimal and might change in the future.

Draw a line

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 1000; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    int16_t x1 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y1 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

    hagl_draw_line(x0, y0, x1, y1, color);
}

Random lines

Draw a line

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 1000; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    int16_t x1 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y1 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

    hagl_draw_line(x0, y0, x1, y1, color);
}

Random lines

Draw a horizontal line

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 1000; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = rand() % (DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2);
    int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    int16_t width = rand() % (DISPLAY_WIDTH - x0);
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

    hagl_draw_hline(x0, y0, width, color);
}

Random horizontal lines

Draw a vertical line

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 1000; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y0 = rand() % (DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 2);
    int16_t height = rand() % (DISPLAY_HEIGHT - y0);
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

    hagl_draw_vline(x0, y0, height, color);
}

Random vertical lines

Draw a circle

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 500; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2;
    int16_t y0 = DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 2;
    int16_t radius = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

    hagl_draw_circle(x0, y0, radius, color);
}

Random circle

Draw a filled circle

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 500; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    int16_t radius = rand() % 100;
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

    hagl_fill_circle(x0, y0, radius, color);
}

Random filled circle

Draw an ellipse

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 500; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = DISPLAY_WIDTH / 2;
    int16_t y0 = DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 2;
    int16_t rx = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t ry = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

    hagl_draw_ellipse(x0, y0, rx, ry, color);
}

Random ellipse

Draw a filled ellipse

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 500; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    int16_t rx = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH / 4;
    int16_t ry = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT / 4;
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

    hagl_fill_ellipse(x0, y0, rx, ry, color);
}

Random filled ellipse

Draw a triangle

int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
int16_t x1 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y1 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
int16_t x2 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y2 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

hagl_draw_triangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, x2, y2, color);

Random triangle

Draw a filled triangle

int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
int16_t x1 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y1 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
int16_t x2 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y2 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

hagl_fill_triangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, x2, y2, color);

Random filled triangle

Draw a rectangle

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 50; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    int16_t x1 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y1 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

    hagl_draw_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, color);
}

Random rectangle

Draw a filled rectangle

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    int16_t x1 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y1 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

    hagl_fill_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, color);
}

Random filled rectangle

Draw a rounded rectangle

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 30; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    int16_t x1 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y1 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    int16_t r = 10
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

    hagl_draw_rounded_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, r, color);
}

Random rounded rectangle

Draw a filled rounded rectangle

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 30; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    int16_t x1 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y1 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    int16_t r = 10
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

    hagl_fill_rounded_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, r, color);
}

Random filled rounded rectangle

Draw a polygon

You can draw polygons with unlimited number of vertices which are passed as an array. Pass the number of vertices as the first argument.

int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
int16_t x1 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y1 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
int16_t x2 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y2 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
int16_t x3 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y3 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
int16_t x4 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y4 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;
int16_t vertices[10] = {x0, y0, x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4};

hagl_draw_polygon(5, vertices, color);

Random polygon

Draw a filled polygon

You can draw filled polygons with up to 64 vertices which are passed as an array. First argument is the number of vertices. Polygon does not have to be concave.

int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
int16_t x1 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y1 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
int16_t x2 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y2 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
int16_t x3 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y3 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
int16_t x4 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
int16_t y4 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;
int16_t vertices[10] = {x0, y0, x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4};

hagl_fill_polygon(5, vertices, color);

Random filled polygon

Put a single char

The library supports Unicode fonts in fontx format. It only includes three fonts by default. You can find more at tuupola/embedded-fonts repository.

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 10000; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;
    char code = rand() % 255;

    hagl_put_char(code, x0, y0, color, font8x8);
}

Random chars

Put a string

The library supports Unicode fonts in fontx format. It only includes three fonts by default. You can find more at tuupola/embedded-fonts repository.

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 10000; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

    hagl_put_text(u"YO! MTV raps.", x0, y0, color, font6x9);
}

Random strings

Blit a bitmap

Blit copies a bitmap to the screen. This example uses a glyph bitmap which is extracted from a font.

bitmap_t bitmap;
bitmap.buffer = (uint8_t *) malloc(6 * 9 * sizeof(color_t));

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 20000; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;
    uint16_t code = rand() % 0xffff;
    hagl_get_glyph(code, color, &bitmap, font6x9);
    hagl_blit(x0, y0, &bitmap);
}

Random blits

Blit a bitmap scaled up or down

Scale blit copies and scales a bitmap to the screen. This example uses a glyph bitmap which is extracted from a font.

bitmap_t bitmap;
bitmap.buffer = (uint8_t *) malloc(6 * 9 * sizeof(color_t));

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 20000; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;
    uint16_t code = rand() % 0xffff;
    hagl_get_glyph(code, color, &bitmap, font6x9);
    hagl_scale_blit(x0, y0, 24, 36, &bitmap);
}

Random blits

Clip window

You can restrict the area of drawing by setting a clip window.

hagl_set_clip_window(0, 40, DISPLAY_WIDTH, DISPLAY_HEIGHT - 40);

for (uint16_t i = 1; i < 500; i++) {
    int16_t x0 = rand() % DISPLAY_WIDTH;
    int16_t y0 = rand() % DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
    int16_t radius = rand() % 100;
    color_t color = rand() % 0xffff;

    hagl_fill_circle(x0, y0, radius, color);
}

Clipped windows

If you want to cleant the contents of the clip window instead of clearing the whole screen call:

hagl_clear_clip_window()

Speed

First table numbers are operations per second with double buffering enabled. Bigger number is better. T-Display and M5StickC have higher numbers because they have smaller resolution. Smaller resolution means less bytes to push to the display.

T4 T-Display M5Stack M5StickC
hagl_put_pixel() 304400 304585 340850 317094
hagl_draw_line() 10485 14942 12145 31293
hagl_draw_circle() 15784 16430 17730 18928
hagl_fill_circle() 8712 9344 9982 13910
hagl_draw_ellipse() 8187 8642 9168 10019
hagl_fill_ellipse() 3132 3457 3605 5590
hagl_draw_triangle() 3581 5137 4160 11186
hagl_fill_triangle() 1246 1993 1654 6119
hagl_draw_rectangle() 22759 30174 26910 64259
hagl_fill_rectangle() 2191 4849 2487 16146
hagl_draw_rounded_rectangle() 17660 21993 20736 39102
hagl_fill_rounded_rectangle() 2059 4446 2313 13270
hagl_draw_polygon() 2155 3096 2494 6763
hagl_fill_polygon() 692 1081 938 3295
hagl_put_char() 29457 29131 32429 27569
hagl_flush() 32 76 32 96

Second table numbers are operations per second with double buffering disabled.

T4 T-Display M5Stack M5StickC
hagl_put_pixel() 16041 15252 16044 24067
hagl_draw_line() 113 172 112 289
hagl_draw_circle() 148 173 145 230
hagl_fill_circle() 264 278 261 341
hagl_draw_ellipse() 84 103 85 179
hagl_fill_ellipse() 114 128 116 191
hagl_draw_triangle() 37 54 37 114
hagl_fill_triangle() 72 111 72 371
hagl_draw_rectangle() 2378 2481 2374 3482
hagl_fill_rectangle() 91 146 91 454
hagl_draw_rounded_rectangle() 458 535 459 808
hagl_fill_rounded_rectangle() 87 139 79 400
hagl_draw_polygon() 21 33 19 71
hagl_fill_polygon() 43 66 49 228
hagl_put_char) 4957 4264 4440 2474
hagl_flush() x x x x

You can run the speed tests yourself by checking out the speedtest repository.

License

The MIT License (MIT). Please see License File for more information.

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