language/java: document public API

[cho-m]

• Have you followed the guidelines in our Contributing document?
• Have you checked to ensure there aren't other open Pull Requests for the same change?
• Have you added an explanation of what your changes do and why you'd like us to include them?
• Have you written new tests for your changes? Here's an example.
• Have you successfully run brew style with your changes locally?
• Have you successfully run brew typecheck with your changes locally?
• Have you successfully run brew tests with your changes locally?

---

Updating docs at https://rubydoc.brew.sh/Language/Java.html for methods we typically use in formulae.

[MikeMcQuaid]

Great work, thanks!