3133-2019-Gaines/jupyterHomeworkSolutions.ipynb

{
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
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   "source": [
    "# Example 1: Homework Assignment—Data Wrangling (Solutions)\n",
    "In this homework assignment, you will begin to explore a data set that contains information on the infamous _Titanic_ shipwreck.  Similar to the [Kaggle competition](https://www.kaggle.com/c/titanic/overview), ultimately you are interested in using information about a passenger to predict survival.  Data were obtained from http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/DataSets.\n",
    "\n",
    "This homework is the first part of the data analysis life cycle, in which you will extract basic information from the data set and practice common data wrangling tasks.  The analysis will continue in other lectures and homework assignments."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Data Preparation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Load data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 1. Run the following cell to load the Titanic data set from the web."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "<h2></h2>\n",
       "\n",
       "<div class=\"highlight\"><pre><span></span><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: Writing HTML5(SASPY_INTERNAL) Body file: STDOUT</span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: 200 OK</span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: PROCEDURE HTTP used (Total process time):</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      real time           0.58 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      cpu time            0.02 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      </span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: The infile TITANIC3 is:</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      Filename=/tmp/SAS_work5A8C00000A42_localhost.localdomain/#LN00022,</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      Owner Name=sasdemo,Group Name=sas,</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      Access Permission=-rw-r--r--,</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      Last Modified=13Mar2019:11:10:05,</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      File Size (bytes)=116752</span><br><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: 1309 records were read from the infile TITANIC3.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      The minimum record length was 53.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      The maximum record length was 159.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: The data set WORK.TITANIC3 has 1309 observations and 14 variables.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time):</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      real time           0.00 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      cpu time            0.01 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      </span><br><span class=\"s\">1309 rows created in WORK.TITANIC3 from TITANIC3.</span><br><span class=\"s\">  </span><br><span class=\"s\">  </span><br><span class=\"s\">  </span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: WORK.TITANIC3 data set was successfully created.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: The data set WORK.TITANIC3 has 1309 observations and 14 variables.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: PROCEDURE IMPORT used (Total process time):</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      real time           0.19 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      cpu time            0.16 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      </span><br></pre></div>\n",
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   "source": [
    "/* Allow n-literalized variable names with special characters */\n",
    "options validvarname=any;\n",
    "/* Reduce log output */\n",
    "options nosource;\n",
    "/* Fetch the file from the website */\n",
    "filename titanic3 temp;\n",
    "proc http\n",
    "    url=\"http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/wiki/pub/Main/DataSets/titanic3.csv\"\n",
    "    method=\"GET\"\n",
    "    out=titanic3;\n",
    "run;\n",
    "/* Import the file */\n",
    "proc import\n",
    "    file=titanic3\n",
    "    out=work.titanic3(rename=('home.dest'n = home_dest)) replace\n",
    "    dbms=csv;\n",
    "run;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Explore basic data set information"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 2. Display a table that contains, at a minimum, the name and type of each variable in the data set."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
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       "<meta content=\"SAS 9.4\" name=\"generator\"/>\n",
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       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".document {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".extendedpage {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 1pt;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".folderaction {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footer {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".frame {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > tbody, .graph > thead, .graph > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".graph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".header {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headersandfooters {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".heading1, .heading2, .heading3, .heading4, .heading5, .heading6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif }\n",
       ".index {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexaction, .indexitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indextitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".layoutcontainer, .layoutregion {\n",
       "    border-width: 0;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 30px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".linecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       "a:link { color: #0000ff }\n",
       ".list {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list3, .list4, .list5, .list6, .list7, .list8, .list9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem3, .listitem4, .listitem5, .listitem6, .listitem7, .listitem8, .listitem9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".note {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notebanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notecontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output > tbody, .output > thead, .output > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".output {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".pageno {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    text-align: right;\n",
       "    vertical-align: top;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pages {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: decimal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesdate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesproclabel, .pagesprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagestitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".paragraph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".parskip > col, .parskip > colgroup > col, .parskip > colgroup, .parskip > tr, .parskip > * > tr, .parskip > thead, .parskip > tbody, .parskip > tfoot { border: none; }\n",
       ".parskip {\n",
       "    border: none;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".prepage {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: left;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".proctitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".proctitlefixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooter {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
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       "<p><span class=\"c systemtitle\">The SAS System</span> </p>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "<div class=\"proc_title_group\">\n",
       "<p class=\"c proctitle\">The CONTENTS Procedure</p>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "<div style=\"padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 1px\">\n",
       "<div style=\"padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 1px\">\n",
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       "<caption aria-label=\"Variables\"></caption>\n",
       "<colgroup><col/></colgroup><colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"c b header\" colspan=\"6\" scope=\"colgroup\">Alphabetic List of Variables and Attributes</th>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">#</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">Variable</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">Type</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">Len</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">Format</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">Informat</th>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r rowheader\" scope=\"row\">5</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">age</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Num</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">8</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">BEST12.</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">BEST32.</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r rowheader\" scope=\"row\">12</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">boat</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Char</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">4</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">$4.</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">$4.</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r rowheader\" scope=\"row\">13</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">body</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Char</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">5</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">$5.</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">$5.</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r rowheader\" scope=\"row\">10</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">cabin</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Char</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">9</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">$9.</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">$9.</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r rowheader\" scope=\"row\">11</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">embarked</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Char</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">3</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">$3.</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">$3.</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r rowheader\" scope=\"row\">9</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">fare</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Num</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">8</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">BEST12.</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">BEST32.</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r rowheader\" scope=\"row\">14</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">home_dest</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Char</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">33</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">$33.</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">$33.</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r rowheader\" scope=\"row\">3</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">name</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Char</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">51</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">$51.</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">$51.</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r rowheader\" scope=\"row\">7</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">parch</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Num</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">8</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">BEST12.</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">BEST32.</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r rowheader\" scope=\"row\">1</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">pclass</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Num</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">8</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">BEST12.</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">BEST32.</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r rowheader\" scope=\"row\">4</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">sex</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Char</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">8</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">$8.</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">$8.</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r rowheader\" scope=\"row\">6</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">sibsp</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Num</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">8</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">BEST12.</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">BEST32.</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r rowheader\" scope=\"row\">2</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">survived</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Num</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">8</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">BEST12.</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">BEST32.</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r rowheader\" scope=\"row\">8</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">ticket</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Char</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">10</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">$10.</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">$10.</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
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      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "proc contents data=titanic3; \n",
    "    ods select Variables;\n",
    "run;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Use PROC SQL for the next 5 exercises.  \n",
    "#### 3. Display the first 5 rows of the data set to familiarize yourself with the variables."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       "a:active { color: #800080 }\n",
       ".aftercaption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    padding-top: 4pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".batch > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".batch > tbody, .batch > thead, .batch > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".batch { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".batch {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'SAS Monospace', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    padding: 7px;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".beforecaption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".body {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bodydate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: right;\n",
       "    vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bycontentfolder {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".byline {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bylinecontainer > col, .bylinecontainer > colgroup > col, .bylinecontainer > colgroup, .bylinecontainer > tr, .bylinecontainer > * > tr, .bylinecontainer > thead, .bylinecontainer > tbody, .bylinecontainer > tfoot { border: none; }\n",
       ".bylinecontainer {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: none;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".caption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".cell, .container {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentfolder, .contentitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentproclabel, .contentprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contents {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: decimal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentsdate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contenttitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".continued {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".data, .dataemphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".dataemphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".dataempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datafixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datastrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datastrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".date {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".document {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".extendedpage {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 1pt;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".folderaction {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footer {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".frame {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > tbody, .graph > thead, .graph > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".graph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".header {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headersandfooters {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".heading1, .heading2, .heading3, .heading4, .heading5, .heading6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif }\n",
       ".index {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexaction, .indexitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indextitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".layoutcontainer, .layoutregion {\n",
       "    border-width: 0;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 30px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".linecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       "a:link { color: #0000ff }\n",
       ".list {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
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       "</head>\n",
       "<body class=\"l body\">\n",
       "<div style=\"padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 1px\">\n",
       "<div id=\"IDX\" class=\"systitleandfootercontainer\" style=\"border-spacing: 1px\">\n",
       "<p><span class=\"c systemtitle\">The SAS System</span> </p>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "<div style=\"padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 1px\">\n",
       "<table class=\"table\" style=\"border-spacing: 0\" aria-label=\"Query Results\">\n",
       "<caption aria-label=\"Query Results\"></caption>\n",
       "<colgroup><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/><col/></colgroup>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">pclass</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">survived</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">name</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">sex</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">age</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">sibsp</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">parch</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">ticket</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">fare</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">cabin</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">embarked</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">boat</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">body</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">home_dest</th>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Allen, Miss. Elisabeth Walton</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">female</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">29</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">0</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">0</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">24160</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">211.3375</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">B5</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">S</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">2</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">&#160;</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">St Louis, MO</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Allison, Master. Hudson Trevor</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">male</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">0.92</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">2</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">113781</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">151.55</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">C22 C26</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">S</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">11</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">&#160;</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Montreal, PQ / Chesterville, ON</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">0</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Allison, Miss. Helen Loraine</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">female</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">2</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">2</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">113781</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">151.55</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">C22 C26</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">S</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">&#160;</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">&#160;</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Montreal, PQ / Chesterville, ON</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">0</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Allison, Mr. Hudson Joshua Creighton</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">male</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">30</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">2</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">113781</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">151.55</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">C22 C26</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">S</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">&#160;</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">135</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Montreal, PQ / Chesterville, ON</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">0</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Allison, Mrs. Hudson J C (Bessie Waldo Daniels)</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">female</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">25</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">2</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">113781</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">151.55</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">C22 C26</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">S</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">&#160;</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">&#160;</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Montreal, PQ / Chesterville, ON</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "</body>\n",
       "</html>\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "proc sql outobs=5;\n",
    "    select * from titanic3;\n",
    "quit;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 4. Display the number of rows in the data set."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<!DOCTYPE html>\n",
       "<html lang=\"en\" xml:lang=\"en\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">\n",
       "<head>\n",
       "<meta charset=\"utf-8\"/>\n",
       "<meta content=\"SAS 9.4\" name=\"generator\"/>\n",
       "<title>SAS Output</title>\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "/*<![CDATA[*/\n",
       ".body.c > table, .body.c > pre, .body.c div > table,\n",
       ".body.c div > pre, .body.c > table, .body.c > pre,\n",
       ".body.j > table, .body.j > pre, .body.j div > table,\n",
       ".body.j div > pre, .body.j > table, .body.j > pre,\n",
       ".body.c p.note, .body.c p.warning, .body.c p.error, .body.c p.fatal,\n",
       ".body.j p.note, .body.j p.warning, .body.j p.error, .body.j p.fatal,\n",
       ".body.c > table.layoutcontainer, .body.j > table.layoutcontainer { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto }\n",
       ".layoutregion.l table, .layoutregion.l pre, .layoutregion.l p.note,\n",
       ".layoutregion.l p.warning, .layoutregion.l p.error, .layoutregion.l p.fatal { margin-left: 0 }\n",
       ".layoutregion.c table, .layoutregion.c pre, .layoutregion.c p.note,\n",
       ".layoutregion.c p.warning, .layoutregion.c p.error, .layoutregion.c p.fatal { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto }\n",
       ".layoutregion.r table, .layoutregion.r pre, .layoutregion.r p.note,\n",
       ".layoutregion.r table, .layoutregion.r pre, .layoutregion.r p.note,\n",
       ".layoutregion.r p.warning, .layoutregion.r p.error, .layoutregion.r p.fatal { margin-right: 0 }\n",
       "article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, nav, section { display: block }\n",
       "html{ font-size: 100% }\n",
       ".body { margin: 1em; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.231 }\n",
       "sup { position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.8em }\n",
       "sub { position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: 0.25em; font-size: 0.8em }\n",
       "ul, ol { margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 0 0 40px }\n",
       "dd { margin: 0 0 0 40px }\n",
       "nav ul, nav ol { list-style: none; list-style-image: none; margin: 0; padding: 0 }\n",
       "img { border: 0; vertical-align: middle }\n",
       "svg:not(:root) { overflow: hidden }\n",
       "figure { margin: 0 }\n",
       "table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0 }\n",
       ".layoutcontainer { border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0 }\n",
       "p { margin-top: 0; text-align: left }\n",
       "h1.heading1 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h2.heading2 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h3.heading3 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h4.heading4 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h5.heading5 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h6.heading6 { text-align: left }\n",
       "span { text-align: left }\n",
       "table { margin-bottom: 1em }\n",
       "td, th { text-align: left; padding: 3px 6px; vertical-align: top }\n",
       "td[class$=\"fixed\"], th[class$=\"fixed\"] { white-space: pre }\n",
       "section, article { padding-top: 1px; padding-bottom: 8px }\n",
       "hr.pagebreak { height: 0px; border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #c0c0c0; margin: 1em 0 }\n",
       ".stacked-value { text-align: left; display: block }\n",
       ".stacked-cell > .stacked-value, td.data > td.data, th.data > td.data, th.data > th.data, td.data > th.data, th.header > th.header { border: 0 }\n",
       ".stacked-cell > div.data { border-width: 0 }\n",
       ".systitleandfootercontainer { white-space: nowrap; margin-bottom: 1em }\n",
       ".systitleandfootercontainer > p { margin: 0 }\n",
       ".systitleandfootercontainer > p > span { display: inline-block; width: 100%; white-space: normal }\n",
       ".batch { display: table }\n",
       ".toc { display: none }\n",
       ".proc_note_group, .proc_title_group { margin-bottom: 1em }\n",
       "p.proctitle { margin: 0 }\n",
       "p.note, p.warning, p.error, p.fatal { display: table }\n",
       ".notebanner, .warnbanner, .errorbanner, .fatalbanner,\n",
       ".notecontent, .warncontent, .errorcontent, .fatalcontent { display: table-cell; padding: 0.5em }\n",
       ".notebanner, .warnbanner, .errorbanner, .fatalbanner { padding-right: 0 }\n",
       ".body > div > ol li { text-align: left }\n",
       ".beforecaption > h4 { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0 }\n",
       ".c { text-align: center }\n",
       ".r { text-align: right }\n",
       ".l { text-align: left }\n",
       ".j { text-align: justify }\n",
       ".d { text-align: right }\n",
       ".b { vertical-align: bottom }\n",
       ".m { vertical-align: middle }\n",
       ".t { vertical-align: top }\n",
       ".accessiblecaption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       "a:active { color: #800080 }\n",
       ".aftercaption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    padding-top: 4pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".batch > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".batch > tbody, .batch > thead, .batch > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".batch { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".batch {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'SAS Monospace', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    padding: 7px;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".beforecaption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".body {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bodydate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: right;\n",
       "    vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bycontentfolder {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".byline {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bylinecontainer > col, .bylinecontainer > colgroup > col, .bylinecontainer > colgroup, .bylinecontainer > tr, .bylinecontainer > * > tr, .bylinecontainer > thead, .bylinecontainer > tbody, .bylinecontainer > tfoot { border: none; }\n",
       ".bylinecontainer {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: none;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".caption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".cell, .container {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentfolder, .contentitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentproclabel, .contentprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contents {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: decimal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentsdate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contenttitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".continued {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".data, .dataemphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".dataemphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".dataempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datafixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datastrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datastrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".date {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".document {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".extendedpage {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 1pt;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".folderaction {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footer {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".frame {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > tbody, .graph > thead, .graph > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".graph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".header {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headersandfooters {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".heading1, .heading2, .heading3, .heading4, .heading5, .heading6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif }\n",
       ".index {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexaction, .indexitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indextitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".layoutcontainer, .layoutregion {\n",
       "    border-width: 0;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 30px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".linecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       "a:link { color: #0000ff }\n",
       ".list {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list3, .list4, .list5, .list6, .list7, .list8, .list9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem3, .listitem4, .listitem5, .listitem6, .listitem7, .listitem8, .listitem9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".note {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notebanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notecontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output > tbody, .output > thead, .output > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".output {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".pageno {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    text-align: right;\n",
       "    vertical-align: top;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pages {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: decimal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesdate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesproclabel, .pagesprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagestitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".paragraph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".parskip > col, .parskip > colgroup > col, .parskip > colgroup, .parskip > tr, .parskip > * > tr, .parskip > thead, .parskip > tbody, .parskip > tfoot { border: none; }\n",
       ".parskip {\n",
       "    border: none;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".prepage {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: left;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".proctitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".proctitlefixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooter {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooteremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooteremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooterempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooterfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooterstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooterstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheader {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheaderemphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheaderemphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheaderempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheaderfixed {\n",
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       "</head>\n",
       "<body class=\"l body\">\n",
       "<div style=\"padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 1px\">\n",
       "<div id=\"IDX\" class=\"systitleandfootercontainer\" style=\"border-spacing: 1px\">\n",
       "<p><span class=\"c systemtitle\">The SAS System</span> </p>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "<div style=\"padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 1px\">\n",
       "<table class=\"table\" style=\"border-spacing: 0\" aria-label=\"Query Results\">\n",
       "<caption aria-label=\"Query Results\"></caption>\n",
       "<colgroup><col/></colgroup>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">numObs</th>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1309</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
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       "</body>\n",
       "</html>\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "proc sql;\n",
    "    select count(*) as numObs from titanic3;\n",
    "quit;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 5. For the seven oldest females in the data set, display their names, ages, and survival status.  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".extendedpage {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 1pt;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".folderaction {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footer {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".frame {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > tbody, .graph > thead, .graph > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".graph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".header {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headersandfooters {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".heading1, .heading2, .heading3, .heading4, .heading5, .heading6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif }\n",
       ".index {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexaction, .indexitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indextitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".layoutcontainer, .layoutregion {\n",
       "    border-width: 0;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 30px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".linecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       "a:link { color: #0000ff }\n",
       ".list {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list3, .list4, .list5, .list6, .list7, .list8, .list9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem3, .listitem4, .listitem5, .listitem6, .listitem7, .listitem8, .listitem9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".note {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notebanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notecontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output > tbody, .output > thead, .output > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".output {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".pageno {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    text-align: right;\n",
       "    vertical-align: top;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pages {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: decimal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesdate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesproclabel, .pagesprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagestitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".paragraph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".parskip > col, .parskip > colgroup > col, .parskip > colgroup, .parskip > tr, .parskip > * > tr, .parskip > thead, .parskip > tbody, .parskip > tfoot { border: none; }\n",
       ".parskip {\n",
       "    border: none;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".prepage {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: left;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".proctitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".proctitlefixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooter {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooteremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooteremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
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       "<p><span class=\"c systemtitle\">The SAS System</span> </p>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "<div style=\"padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 1px\">\n",
       "<table class=\"table\" style=\"border-spacing: 0\" aria-label=\"Query Results\">\n",
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       "<colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">name</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">age</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">survived</th>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Cavendish, Mrs. Tyrell William (Julia Florence Sieg</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">76</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Compton, Mrs. Alexander Taylor (Mary Eliza Ingersol</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">64</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Crosby, Mrs. Edward Gifford (Catherine Elizabeth Ha</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">64</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Turkula, Mrs. (Hedwig)</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">63</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Straus, Mrs. Isidor (Rosalie Ida Blun)</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">63</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">0</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Andrews, Miss. Kornelia Theodosia</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">63</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">Stone, Mrs. George Nelson (Martha Evelyn)</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">62</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "</body>\n",
       "</html>\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "proc sql outobs=7;\n",
    "    select name, age, survived from titanic3\n",
    "    where sex = 'female'\n",
    "    order by age desc;\n",
    "quit;      "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 6. Determine the age (in months) of the youngest male who survived."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentproclabel, .contentprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contents {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: decimal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentsdate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contenttitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".continued {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".data, .dataemphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".dataemphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".dataempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datafixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datastrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datastrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".date {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".document {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".extendedpage {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 1pt;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".folderaction {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footer {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".frame {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > tbody, .graph > thead, .graph > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".graph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".header {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headersandfooters {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".heading1, .heading2, .heading3, .heading4, .heading5, .heading6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif }\n",
       ".index {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexaction, .indexitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indextitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".layoutcontainer, .layoutregion {\n",
       "    border-width: 0;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 30px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".linecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       "a:link { color: #0000ff }\n",
       ".list {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list3, .list4, .list5, .list6, .list7, .list8, .list9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem3, .listitem4, .listitem5, .listitem6, .listitem7, .listitem8, .listitem9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".note {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notebanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notecontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output > tbody, .output > thead, .output > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".output {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
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       "<p><span class=\"c systemtitle\">The SAS System</span> </p>\n",
       "</div>\n",
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       "<table class=\"table\" style=\"border-spacing: 0\" aria-label=\"Query Results\">\n",
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       "<colgroup><col/></colgroup>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
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       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">minAgeMale</th>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
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       "<tbody>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">5.04</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
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      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "proc sql;\n",
    "    select min(age)*12 as minAgeMale from titanic3\n",
    "    where sex = 'male' and survived = 1;\n",
    "quit;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 7. For each gender, calculate the average age of the passengers who survived vs. those who did not."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "}\n",
       ".batch { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".batch {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'SAS Monospace', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    padding: 7px;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".beforecaption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".body {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bodydate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: right;\n",
       "    vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bycontentfolder {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".byline {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bylinecontainer > col, .bylinecontainer > colgroup > col, .bylinecontainer > colgroup, .bylinecontainer > tr, .bylinecontainer > * > tr, .bylinecontainer > thead, .bylinecontainer > tbody, .bylinecontainer > tfoot { border: none; }\n",
       ".bylinecontainer {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: none;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".caption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".cell, .container {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentfolder, .contentitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentproclabel, .contentprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contents {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: decimal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentsdate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contenttitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".continued {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".data, .dataemphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".dataemphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".dataempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datafixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datastrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datastrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".date {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".document {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".extendedpage {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 1pt;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".folderaction {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footer {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".frame {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > tbody, .graph > thead, .graph > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".graph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".header {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headersandfooters {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".heading1, .heading2, .heading3, .heading4, .heading5, .heading6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif }\n",
       ".index {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexaction, .indexitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indextitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".layoutcontainer, .layoutregion {\n",
       "    border-width: 0;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 30px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".linecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       "a:link { color: #0000ff }\n",
       ".list {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
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       "<p><span class=\"c systemtitle\">The SAS System</span> </p>\n",
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       "<table class=\"table\" style=\"border-spacing: 0\" aria-label=\"Query Results\">\n",
       "<caption aria-label=\"Query Results\"></caption>\n",
       "<colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">sex</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">survived</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">avgAge</th>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">female</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">0</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">25.25521</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">female</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">29.81538</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">male</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">0</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">31.51641</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">male</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">26.97778</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
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      ],
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       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "proc sql;\n",
    "    select sex, survived, avg(age) as avgAge \n",
    "    from titanic3\n",
    "        group by sex, survived;\n",
    "quit;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Partition into training and test sets\n",
    "Real world data sets are typically messy and often contain missing values.  Before addressing them, we should first partition our original data set into a training set and a test set for any subsequent model building we perform.  Otherwise, \"data leakage\" can occur because information from the test set will be implicitly incorporated into the data that will be used for model training."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 8. Create a training set that contains 80% of the observations, with the remaining 20% going into the test set.  Use 20190429 as the random number seed."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       ".body.c p.note, .body.c p.warning, .body.c p.error, .body.c p.fatal,\n",
       ".body.j p.note, .body.j p.warning, .body.j p.error, .body.j p.fatal,\n",
       ".body.c > table.layoutcontainer, .body.j > table.layoutcontainer { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto }\n",
       ".layoutregion.l table, .layoutregion.l pre, .layoutregion.l p.note,\n",
       ".layoutregion.l p.warning, .layoutregion.l p.error, .layoutregion.l p.fatal { margin-left: 0 }\n",
       ".layoutregion.c table, .layoutregion.c pre, .layoutregion.c p.note,\n",
       ".layoutregion.c p.warning, .layoutregion.c p.error, .layoutregion.c p.fatal { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto }\n",
       ".layoutregion.r table, .layoutregion.r pre, .layoutregion.r p.note,\n",
       ".layoutregion.r table, .layoutregion.r pre, .layoutregion.r p.note,\n",
       ".layoutregion.r p.warning, .layoutregion.r p.error, .layoutregion.r p.fatal { margin-right: 0 }\n",
       "article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, nav, section { display: block }\n",
       "html{ font-size: 100% }\n",
       ".body { margin: 1em; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.231 }\n",
       "sup { position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.8em }\n",
       "sub { position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: 0.25em; font-size: 0.8em }\n",
       "ul, ol { margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 0 0 40px }\n",
       "dd { margin: 0 0 0 40px }\n",
       "nav ul, nav ol { list-style: none; list-style-image: none; margin: 0; padding: 0 }\n",
       "img { border: 0; vertical-align: middle }\n",
       "svg:not(:root) { overflow: hidden }\n",
       "figure { margin: 0 }\n",
       "table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0 }\n",
       ".layoutcontainer { border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0 }\n",
       "p { margin-top: 0; text-align: left }\n",
       "h1.heading1 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h2.heading2 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h3.heading3 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h4.heading4 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h5.heading5 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h6.heading6 { text-align: left }\n",
       "span { text-align: left }\n",
       "table { margin-bottom: 1em }\n",
       "td, th { text-align: left; padding: 3px 6px; vertical-align: top }\n",
       "td[class$=\"fixed\"], th[class$=\"fixed\"] { white-space: pre }\n",
       "section, article { padding-top: 1px; padding-bottom: 8px }\n",
       "hr.pagebreak { height: 0px; border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #c0c0c0; margin: 1em 0 }\n",
       ".stacked-value { text-align: left; display: block }\n",
       ".stacked-cell > .stacked-value, td.data > td.data, th.data > td.data, th.data > th.data, td.data > th.data, th.header > th.header { border: 0 }\n",
       ".stacked-cell > div.data { border-width: 0 }\n",
       ".systitleandfootercontainer { white-space: nowrap; margin-bottom: 1em }\n",
       ".systitleandfootercontainer > p { margin: 0 }\n",
       ".systitleandfootercontainer > p > span { display: inline-block; width: 100%; white-space: normal }\n",
       ".batch { display: table }\n",
       ".toc { display: none }\n",
       ".proc_note_group, .proc_title_group { margin-bottom: 1em }\n",
       "p.proctitle { margin: 0 }\n",
       "p.note, p.warning, p.error, p.fatal { display: table }\n",
       ".notebanner, .warnbanner, .errorbanner, .fatalbanner,\n",
       ".notecontent, .warncontent, .errorcontent, .fatalcontent { display: table-cell; padding: 0.5em }\n",
       ".notebanner, .warnbanner, .errorbanner, .fatalbanner { padding-right: 0 }\n",
       ".body > div > ol li { text-align: left }\n",
       ".beforecaption > h4 { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0 }\n",
       ".c { text-align: center }\n",
       ".r { text-align: right }\n",
       ".l { text-align: left }\n",
       ".j { text-align: justify }\n",
       ".d { text-align: right }\n",
       ".b { vertical-align: bottom }\n",
       ".m { vertical-align: middle }\n",
       ".t { vertical-align: top }\n",
       ".accessiblecaption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       "a:active { color: #800080 }\n",
       ".aftercaption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    padding-top: 4pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".batch > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".batch > tbody, .batch > thead, .batch > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".batch { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".batch {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'SAS Monospace', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    padding: 7px;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".beforecaption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".body {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bodydate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: right;\n",
       "    vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bycontentfolder {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".byline {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bylinecontainer > col, .bylinecontainer > colgroup > col, .bylinecontainer > colgroup, .bylinecontainer > tr, .bylinecontainer > * > tr, .bylinecontainer > thead, .bylinecontainer > tbody, .bylinecontainer > tfoot { border: none; }\n",
       ".bylinecontainer {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: none;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".caption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".cell, .container {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentfolder, .contentitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentproclabel, .contentprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contents {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: decimal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentsdate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contenttitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".continued {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".data, .dataemphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".dataemphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".dataempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datafixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datastrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datastrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".date {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".document {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".extendedpage {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 1pt;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".folderaction {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footer {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".frame {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > tbody, .graph > thead, .graph > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".graph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".header {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headersandfooters {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".heading1, .heading2, .heading3, .heading4, .heading5, .heading6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif }\n",
       ".index {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexaction, .indexitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indextitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".layoutcontainer, .layoutregion {\n",
       "    border-width: 0;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 30px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".linecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       "a:link { color: #0000ff }\n",
       ".list {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list3, .list4, .list5, .list6, .list7, .list8, .list9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem3, .listitem4, .listitem5, .listitem6, .listitem7, .listitem8, .listitem9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".note {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notebanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notecontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output > tbody, .output > thead, .output > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".output {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".pageno {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    text-align: right;\n",
       "    vertical-align: top;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pages {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: decimal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesdate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesproclabel, .pagesprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagestitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".paragraph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".parskip > col, .parskip > colgroup > col, .parskip > colgroup, .parskip > tr, .parskip > * > tr, .parskip > thead, .parskip > tbody, .parskip > tfoot { border: none; }\n",
       ".parskip {\n",
       "    border: none;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".prepage {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: left;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".proctitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".proctitlefixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooter {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooteremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooteremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooterempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooterfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooterstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooterstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheader {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheaderemphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheaderemphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheaderempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheaderfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheaderstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheaderstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".systemfooter, .systemfooter10, .systemfooter2, .systemfooter3, .systemfooter4, .systemfooter5, .systemfooter6, .systemfooter7, .systemfooter8, .systemfooter9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".systemtitle, .systemtitle10, .systemtitle2, .systemtitle3, .systemtitle4, .systemtitle5, .systemtitle6, .systemtitle7, .systemtitle8, .systemtitle9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size: small;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".systitleandfootercontainer > col, .systitleandfootercontainer > colgroup > col, .systitleandfootercontainer > colgroup, .systitleandfootercontainer > tr, .systitleandfootercontainer > * > tr, .systitleandfootercontainer > thead, .systitleandfootercontainer > tbody, .systitleandfootercontainer > tfoot { border: none; }\n",
       ".systitleandfootercontainer {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: none;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".table > col, .table > colgroup > col {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 0 solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".table > tr, .table > * > tr {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 0 solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".table { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".table {\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 1px 0 0 1px;\n",
       "    border-collapse: collapse;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".titleandnotecontainer > col, .titleandnotecontainer > colgroup > col, .titleandnotecontainer > colgroup, .titleandnotecontainer > tr, .titleandnotecontainer > * > tr, .titleandnotecontainer > thead, .titleandnotecontainer > tbody, .titleandnotecontainer > tfoot { border: none; }\n",
       ".titleandnotecontainer {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: none;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".titlesandfooters {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
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       "<p class=\"c proctitle\">The SURVEYSELECT Procedure</p>\n",
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       "<table class=\"table\" style=\"border-spacing: 0\" aria-label=\"Sample Selection Method\">\n",
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       "<th class=\"rowheader\" scope=\"row\">Selection Method</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">Simple Random Sampling</td>\n",
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       "<th class=\"rowheader\" scope=\"row\">Input Data Set</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">TITANIC3</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"rowheader\" scope=\"row\">Random Number Seed</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">20190429</td>\n",
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       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"rowheader\" scope=\"row\">Sampling Rate</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">0.8</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
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       "<th class=\"rowheader\" scope=\"row\">Sample Size</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1048</td>\n",
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       "<th class=\"rowheader\" scope=\"row\">Selection Probability</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">0.800611</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
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       "<th class=\"rowheader\" scope=\"row\">Sampling Weight</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">0</td>\n",
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       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"rowheader\" scope=\"row\">Output Data Set</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">TITANIC</td>\n",
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    "/* Create a partition indicator variable */\n",
    "proc surveyselect data=titanic3 rate=.8 out=titanic outall seed=20190429;\n",
    "run;\n",
    "\n",
    "/* Use the partition indicator to create the training and test sets */\n",
    "data titanicTrain titanicTest(drop=selected);\n",
    "  set titanic;\n",
    "  if selected then output titanicTrain;\n",
    "  else output titanicTest;\n",
    "run;"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "## Missing values \n",
    "#### In this section, you will explore and address the missing values in the data set."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 9. In the original data set, which variables have missing values?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
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       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footer {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".frame {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > tbody, .graph > thead, .graph > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".graph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".header {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headersandfooters {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".heading1, .heading2, .heading3, .heading4, .heading5, .heading6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif }\n",
       ".index {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexaction, .indexitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indextitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".layoutcontainer, .layoutregion {\n",
       "    border-width: 0;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 30px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".linecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       "a:link { color: #0000ff }\n",
       ".list {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list3, .list4, .list5, .list6, .list7, .list8, .list9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem3, .listitem4, .listitem5, .listitem6, .listitem7, .listitem8, .listitem9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".note {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notebanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notecontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output > tbody, .output > thead, .output > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".output {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".pageno {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    text-align: right;\n",
       "    vertical-align: top;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pages {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: decimal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesdate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesproclabel, .pagesprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagestitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".paragraph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".parskip > col, .parskip > colgroup > col, .parskip > colgroup, .parskip > tr, .parskip > * > tr, .parskip > thead, .parskip > tbody, .parskip > tfoot { border: none; }\n",
       ".parskip {\n",
       "    border: none;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".prepage {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: left;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".proctitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".proctitlefixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooter {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooteremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooteremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooterempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooterfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooterstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooterstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheader {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
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       "<div class=\"stacked-cell\">\n",
       "<div>pclass</div>\n",
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       "<td class=\"r data\">\n",
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       "<div class=\"r\">1309</div>\n",
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       "<div class=\"r\">1309</div>\n",
       "<div class=\"r\">1308</div>\n",
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     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
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   "source": [
    "/* Count missing values for continuous variables */\n",
    "proc means data=titanic3 NMISS N; \n",
    "run;"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "Out of the continuous variables, ``age`` and ``fare`` have missing values.  Around 20% of the ``age`` values are missing, whereas only 1 observation is missing for ``fare``."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       ".dataemphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".dataempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datafixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datastrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datastrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".date {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".document {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".extendedpage {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 1pt;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".folderaction {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footer {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".frame {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > tbody, .graph > thead, .graph > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".graph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".header {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headersandfooters {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".heading1, .heading2, .heading3, .heading4, .heading5, .heading6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif }\n",
       ".index {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexaction, .indexitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indextitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".layoutcontainer, .layoutregion {\n",
       "    border-width: 0;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 30px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".linecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       "a:link { color: #0000ff }\n",
       ".list {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list3, .list4, .list5, .list6, .list7, .list8, .list9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem3, .listitem4, .listitem5, .listitem6, .listitem7, .listitem8, .listitem9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".note {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notebanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notecontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output > tbody, .output > thead, .output > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".output {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".pageno {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    text-align: right;\n",
       "    vertical-align: top;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pages {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: decimal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesdate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesproclabel, .pagesprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagestitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".paragraph {\n",
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       "<div id=\"IDX\" class=\"systitleandfootercontainer\" style=\"border-spacing: 1px\">\n",
       "<p><span class=\"c systemtitle\">The SAS System</span> </p>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "<div class=\"proc_title_group\">\n",
       "<p class=\"c proctitle\">The FREQ Procedure</p>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "<div style=\"padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 1px\">\n",
       "<div style=\"padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 1px\">\n",
       "<table class=\"table\" style=\"border-spacing: 0\" aria-label=\"One-Way Frequencies\">\n",
       "<caption aria-label=\"One-Way Frequencies\"></caption>\n",
       "<colgroup><col/></colgroup><colgroup><col/></colgroup>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">name</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">Frequency</th>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"rowheader\" scope=\"row\">Not Missing</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1309</td>\n",
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       "<caption aria-label=\"One-Way Frequencies\"></caption>\n",
       "<colgroup><col/></colgroup><colgroup><col/></colgroup>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">sex</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">Frequency</th>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
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       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"rowheader\" scope=\"row\">Not Missing</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1309</td>\n",
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       "<colgroup><col/></colgroup><colgroup><col/></colgroup>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">ticket</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">Frequency</th>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"rowheader\" scope=\"row\">Not Missing</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1309</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "</div>\n",
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       "<table class=\"table\" style=\"border-spacing: 0\" aria-label=\"One-Way Frequencies\">\n",
       "<caption aria-label=\"One-Way Frequencies\"></caption>\n",
       "<colgroup><col/></colgroup><colgroup><col/></colgroup>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">cabin</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">Frequency</th>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"rowheader\" scope=\"row\">Missing</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1014</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"rowheader\" scope=\"row\">Not Missing</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">295</td>\n",
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       "<table class=\"table\" style=\"border-spacing: 0\" aria-label=\"One-Way Frequencies\">\n",
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       "<colgroup><col/></colgroup><colgroup><col/></colgroup>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">embarked</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">Frequency</th>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"rowheader\" scope=\"row\">Missing</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">2</td>\n",
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       "<td class=\"r data\">1307</td>\n",
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       "<colgroup><col/></colgroup><colgroup><col/></colgroup>\n",
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       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">boat</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">Frequency</th>\n",
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       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"rowheader\" scope=\"row\">Missing</th>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">823</td>\n",
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       "<td class=\"r data\">486</td>\n",
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       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">body</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">Frequency</th>\n",
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       "<td class=\"r data\">1188</td>\n",
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       "<thead>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">home_dest</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">Frequency</th>\n",
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       "<td class=\"r data\">564</td>\n",
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     },
     "execution_count": 11,
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   ],
   "source": [
    "/*** Count missing values for categorical variables ***/\n",
    "/* Create a format for the missing character values */\n",
    "proc format;\n",
    "    value $missfmt ' '='Missing' other='Not Missing';\n",
    "run;\n",
    " \n",
    "proc freq data=titanic3; \n",
    "    format _CHAR_ $missfmt.; /* apply format for the duration of this PROC */\n",
    "    tables _CHAR_ / missing missprint nocum nopercent;\n",
    "run;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "From the above output, we see that the ``cabin``, ``embarked``, ``boat``, ``body``, and ``home_dest`` variables all have missing values.  Except for ``embarked,`` the values for these variables are rather sparse."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 10. For each variable with missing values, address how to deal with the missing values.  Make sure to justify your actions."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Given the extent of the missingness for the ``age`` variable, we will impute the missing values instead of simply discarding them.  A histogram of ``age`` in the training set indicates that the distribution is slightly skewed.  For this reason, we chose to impute with the median age as opposed to the mean value.  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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      "text/html": [
       "<!DOCTYPE html>\n",
       "<html lang=\"en\" xml:lang=\"en\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">\n",
       "<head>\n",
       "<meta charset=\"utf-8\"/>\n",
       "<meta content=\"SAS 9.4\" name=\"generator\"/>\n",
       "<title>SAS Output</title>\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "/*<![CDATA[*/\n",
       ".body.c > table, .body.c > pre, .body.c div > table,\n",
       ".body.c div > pre, .body.c > table, .body.c > pre,\n",
       ".body.j > table, .body.j > pre, .body.j div > table,\n",
       ".body.j div > pre, .body.j > table, .body.j > pre,\n",
       ".body.c p.note, .body.c p.warning, .body.c p.error, .body.c p.fatal,\n",
       ".body.j p.note, .body.j p.warning, .body.j p.error, .body.j p.fatal,\n",
       ".body.c > table.layoutcontainer, .body.j > table.layoutcontainer { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto }\n",
       ".layoutregion.l table, .layoutregion.l pre, .layoutregion.l p.note,\n",
       ".layoutregion.l p.warning, .layoutregion.l p.error, .layoutregion.l p.fatal { margin-left: 0 }\n",
       ".layoutregion.c table, .layoutregion.c pre, .layoutregion.c p.note,\n",
       ".layoutregion.c p.warning, .layoutregion.c p.error, .layoutregion.c p.fatal { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto }\n",
       ".layoutregion.r table, .layoutregion.r pre, .layoutregion.r p.note,\n",
       ".layoutregion.r table, .layoutregion.r pre, .layoutregion.r p.note,\n",
       ".layoutregion.r p.warning, .layoutregion.r p.error, .layoutregion.r p.fatal { margin-right: 0 }\n",
       "article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, nav, section { display: block }\n",
       "html{ font-size: 100% }\n",
       ".body { margin: 1em; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.231 }\n",
       "sup { position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.8em }\n",
       "sub { position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: 0.25em; font-size: 0.8em }\n",
       "ul, ol { margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 0 0 40px }\n",
       "dd { margin: 0 0 0 40px }\n",
       "nav ul, nav ol { list-style: none; list-style-image: none; margin: 0; padding: 0 }\n",
       "img { border: 0; vertical-align: middle }\n",
       "svg:not(:root) { overflow: hidden }\n",
       "figure { margin: 0 }\n",
       "table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0 }\n",
       ".layoutcontainer { border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0 }\n",
       "p { margin-top: 0; text-align: left }\n",
       "h1.heading1 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h2.heading2 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h3.heading3 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h4.heading4 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h5.heading5 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h6.heading6 { text-align: left }\n",
       "span { text-align: left }\n",
       "table { margin-bottom: 1em }\n",
       "td, th { text-align: left; padding: 3px 6px; vertical-align: top }\n",
       "td[class$=\"fixed\"], th[class$=\"fixed\"] { white-space: pre }\n",
       "section, article { padding-top: 1px; padding-bottom: 8px }\n",
       "hr.pagebreak { height: 0px; border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #c0c0c0; margin: 1em 0 }\n",
       ".stacked-value { text-align: left; display: block }\n",
       ".stacked-cell > .stacked-value, td.data > td.data, th.data > td.data, th.data > th.data, td.data > th.data, th.header > th.header { border: 0 }\n",
       ".stacked-cell > div.data { border-width: 0 }\n",
       ".systitleandfootercontainer { white-space: nowrap; margin-bottom: 1em }\n",
       ".systitleandfootercontainer > p { margin: 0 }\n",
       ".systitleandfootercontainer > p > span { display: inline-block; width: 100%; white-space: normal }\n",
       ".batch { display: table }\n",
       ".toc { display: none }\n",
       ".proc_note_group, .proc_title_group { margin-bottom: 1em }\n",
       "p.proctitle { margin: 0 }\n",
       "p.note, p.warning, p.error, p.fatal { display: table }\n",
       ".notebanner, .warnbanner, .errorbanner, .fatalbanner,\n",
       ".notecontent, .warncontent, .errorcontent, .fatalcontent { display: table-cell; padding: 0.5em }\n",
       ".notebanner, .warnbanner, .errorbanner, .fatalbanner { padding-right: 0 }\n",
       ".body > div > ol li { text-align: left }\n",
       ".beforecaption > h4 { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0 }\n",
       ".c { text-align: center }\n",
       ".r { text-align: right }\n",
       ".l { text-align: left }\n",
       ".j { text-align: justify }\n",
       ".d { text-align: right }\n",
       ".b { vertical-align: bottom }\n",
       ".m { vertical-align: middle }\n",
       ".t { vertical-align: top }\n",
       ".accessiblecaption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       "a:active { color: #800080 }\n",
       ".aftercaption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    padding-top: 4pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".batch > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".batch > tbody, .batch > thead, .batch > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".batch { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".batch {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'SAS Monospace', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    padding: 7px;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".beforecaption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".body {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bodydate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: right;\n",
       "    vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bycontentfolder {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".byline {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bylinecontainer > col, .bylinecontainer > colgroup > col, .bylinecontainer > colgroup, .bylinecontainer > tr, .bylinecontainer > * > tr, .bylinecontainer > thead, .bylinecontainer > tbody, .bylinecontainer > tfoot { border: none; }\n",
       ".bylinecontainer {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: none;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".caption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".cell, .container {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentfolder, .contentitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentproclabel, .contentprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contents {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: decimal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentsdate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contenttitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".continued {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".data, .dataemphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".dataemphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".dataempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datafixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datastrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datastrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".date {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".document {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".extendedpage {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 1pt;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".folderaction {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footer {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".frame {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > tbody, .graph > thead, .graph > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".graph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".header {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headersandfooters {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".heading1, .heading2, .heading3, .heading4, .heading5, .heading6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif }\n",
       ".index {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexaction, .indexitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indextitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".layoutcontainer, .layoutregion {\n",
       "    border-width: 0;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 30px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".linecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       "a:link { color: #0000ff }\n",
       ".list {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".list3, .list4, .list5, .list6, .list7, .list8, .list9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: disc;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem10 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem2 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: circle;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".listitem3, .listitem4, .listitem5, .listitem6, .listitem7, .listitem8, .listitem9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: square;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".note {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notebanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notecontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".notecontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output > tbody, .output > thead, .output > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".output { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".output {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".pageno {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    text-align: right;\n",
       "    vertical-align: top;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pages {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: decimal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesdate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagesproclabel, .pagesprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".pagestitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".paragraph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".parskip > col, .parskip > colgroup > col, .parskip > colgroup, .parskip > tr, .parskip > * > tr, .parskip > thead, .parskip > tbody, .parskip > tfoot { border: none; }\n",
       ".parskip {\n",
       "    border: none;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".prepage {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: left;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".proctitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".proctitlefixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooter {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooteremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooteremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooterempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooterfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooterstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowfooterstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheader {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheaderemphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheaderemphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheaderempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheaderfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheaderstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".rowheaderstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".systemfooter, .systemfooter10, .systemfooter2, .systemfooter3, .systemfooter4, .systemfooter5, .systemfooter6, .systemfooter7, .systemfooter8, .systemfooter9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".systemtitle, .systemtitle10, .systemtitle2, .systemtitle3, .systemtitle4, .systemtitle5, .systemtitle6, .systemtitle7, .systemtitle8, .systemtitle9 {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size: small;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".systitleandfootercontainer > col, .systitleandfootercontainer > colgroup > col, .systitleandfootercontainer > colgroup, .systitleandfootercontainer > tr, .systitleandfootercontainer > * > tr, .systitleandfootercontainer > thead, .systitleandfootercontainer > tbody, .systitleandfootercontainer > tfoot { border: none; }\n",
       ".systitleandfootercontainer {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: none;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".table > col, .table > colgroup > col {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 0 solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".table > tr, .table > * > tr {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 0 solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".table { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".table {\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 1px 0 0 1px;\n",
       "    border-collapse: collapse;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".titleandnotecontainer > col, .titleandnotecontainer > colgroup > col, .titleandnotecontainer > colgroup, .titleandnotecontainer > tr, .titleandnotecontainer > * > tr, .titleandnotecontainer > thead, .titleandnotecontainer > tbody, .titleandnotecontainer > tfoot { border: none; }\n",
       ".titleandnotecontainer {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
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       "</head>\n",
       "<body class=\"l body\">\n",
       "<div style=\"padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 1px\">\n",
       "<div id=\"IDX\" class=\"systitleandfootercontainer\" style=\"border-spacing: 1px\">\n",
       "<p><span class=\"c systemtitle\">The SAS System</span> </p>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "<div class=\"proc_title_group\">\n",
       "<p class=\"c proctitle\">The UNIVARIATE Procedure</p>\n",
       "</div>\n",
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       "<div style=\"padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 1px\">\n",
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       "<div class=\"c\">\n",
       "<img style=\"height: 480px; width: 640px\" alt=\"Histogram for age\" 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\"/>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "</body>\n",
       "</html>\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "proc univariate data=titanicTrain;\n",
    "    var age;\n",
    "    histogram age / normal kernel;\n",
    "    ods select Histogram;\n",
    "run;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "However, there is variability in the median ages for each combination of ``sex`` and ``fare`` class."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<!DOCTYPE html>\n",
       "<html lang=\"en\" xml:lang=\"en\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">\n",
       "<head>\n",
       "<meta charset=\"utf-8\"/>\n",
       "<meta content=\"SAS 9.4\" name=\"generator\"/>\n",
       "<title>SAS Output</title>\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "/*<![CDATA[*/\n",
       ".body.c > table, .body.c > pre, .body.c div > table,\n",
       ".body.c div > pre, .body.c > table, .body.c > pre,\n",
       ".body.j > table, .body.j > pre, .body.j div > table,\n",
       ".body.j div > pre, .body.j > table, .body.j > pre,\n",
       ".body.c p.note, .body.c p.warning, .body.c p.error, .body.c p.fatal,\n",
       ".body.j p.note, .body.j p.warning, .body.j p.error, .body.j p.fatal,\n",
       ".body.c > table.layoutcontainer, .body.j > table.layoutcontainer { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto }\n",
       ".layoutregion.l table, .layoutregion.l pre, .layoutregion.l p.note,\n",
       ".layoutregion.l p.warning, .layoutregion.l p.error, .layoutregion.l p.fatal { margin-left: 0 }\n",
       ".layoutregion.c table, .layoutregion.c pre, .layoutregion.c p.note,\n",
       ".layoutregion.c p.warning, .layoutregion.c p.error, .layoutregion.c p.fatal { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto }\n",
       ".layoutregion.r table, .layoutregion.r pre, .layoutregion.r p.note,\n",
       ".layoutregion.r table, .layoutregion.r pre, .layoutregion.r p.note,\n",
       ".layoutregion.r p.warning, .layoutregion.r p.error, .layoutregion.r p.fatal { margin-right: 0 }\n",
       "article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, nav, section { display: block }\n",
       "html{ font-size: 100% }\n",
       ".body { margin: 1em; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.231 }\n",
       "sup { position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: 0.25em; font-size: 0.8em }\n",
       "sub { position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: 0.25em; font-size: 0.8em }\n",
       "ul, ol { margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 0 0 40px }\n",
       "dd { margin: 0 0 0 40px }\n",
       "nav ul, nav ol { list-style: none; list-style-image: none; margin: 0; padding: 0 }\n",
       "img { border: 0; vertical-align: middle }\n",
       "svg:not(:root) { overflow: hidden }\n",
       "figure { margin: 0 }\n",
       "table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0 }\n",
       ".layoutcontainer { border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0 }\n",
       "p { margin-top: 0; text-align: left }\n",
       "h1.heading1 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h2.heading2 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h3.heading3 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h4.heading4 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h5.heading5 { text-align: left }\n",
       "h6.heading6 { text-align: left }\n",
       "span { text-align: left }\n",
       "table { margin-bottom: 1em }\n",
       "td, th { text-align: left; padding: 3px 6px; vertical-align: top }\n",
       "td[class$=\"fixed\"], th[class$=\"fixed\"] { white-space: pre }\n",
       "section, article { padding-top: 1px; padding-bottom: 8px }\n",
       "hr.pagebreak { height: 0px; border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #c0c0c0; margin: 1em 0 }\n",
       ".stacked-value { text-align: left; display: block }\n",
       ".stacked-cell > .stacked-value, td.data > td.data, th.data > td.data, th.data > th.data, td.data > th.data, th.header > th.header { border: 0 }\n",
       ".stacked-cell > div.data { border-width: 0 }\n",
       ".systitleandfootercontainer { white-space: nowrap; margin-bottom: 1em }\n",
       ".systitleandfootercontainer > p { margin: 0 }\n",
       ".systitleandfootercontainer > p > span { display: inline-block; width: 100%; white-space: normal }\n",
       ".batch { display: table }\n",
       ".toc { display: none }\n",
       ".proc_note_group, .proc_title_group { margin-bottom: 1em }\n",
       "p.proctitle { margin: 0 }\n",
       "p.note, p.warning, p.error, p.fatal { display: table }\n",
       ".notebanner, .warnbanner, .errorbanner, .fatalbanner,\n",
       ".notecontent, .warncontent, .errorcontent, .fatalcontent { display: table-cell; padding: 0.5em }\n",
       ".notebanner, .warnbanner, .errorbanner, .fatalbanner { padding-right: 0 }\n",
       ".body > div > ol li { text-align: left }\n",
       ".beforecaption > h4 { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0 }\n",
       ".c { text-align: center }\n",
       ".r { text-align: right }\n",
       ".l { text-align: left }\n",
       ".j { text-align: justify }\n",
       ".d { text-align: right }\n",
       ".b { vertical-align: bottom }\n",
       ".m { vertical-align: middle }\n",
       ".t { vertical-align: top }\n",
       ".accessiblecaption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       "a:active { color: #800080 }\n",
       ".aftercaption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    padding-top: 4pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".batch > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".batch > tbody, .batch > thead, .batch > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".batch { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".batch {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'SAS Monospace', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    padding: 7px;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".beforecaption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".body {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bodydate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: right;\n",
       "    vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bycontentfolder {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".byline {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".bylinecontainer > col, .bylinecontainer > colgroup > col, .bylinecontainer > colgroup, .bylinecontainer > tr, .bylinecontainer > * > tr, .bylinecontainer > thead, .bylinecontainer > tbody, .bylinecontainer > tfoot { border: none; }\n",
       ".bylinecontainer {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: none;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".caption {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".cell, .container {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentfolder, .contentitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentproclabel, .contentprocname {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contents {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: decimal;\n",
       "    margin-left: 8px;\n",
       "    margin-right: 8px;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contentsdate {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".contenttitle {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".continued {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".data, .dataemphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".dataemphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".dataempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datafixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datastrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".datastrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #ffffff;\n",
       "    border-color: #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".date {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".document {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".errorcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".extendedpage {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 1pt;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalbanner {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontent {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".fatalcontentfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".folderaction {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footer {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".footerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".frame {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > colgroup {\n",
       "    border-left: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-right: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph > tbody, .graph > thead, .graph > tfoot {\n",
       "    border-top: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".graph { border: hidden; }\n",
       ".graph {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    border: 1px solid #c1c1c1;\n",
       "    border-collapse: separate;\n",
       "    border-spacing: 1px;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    }\n",
       ".header {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasis {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headeremphasisfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: italic;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerempty {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #112277;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headersandfooters {\n",
       "    background-color: #edf2f9;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrong {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".headerstrongfixed {\n",
       "    background-color: #d8dbd3;\n",
       "    border-color: #b0b7bb;\n",
       "    border-style: solid;\n",
       "    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".heading1, .heading2, .heading3, .heading4, .heading5, .heading6 { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif }\n",
       ".index {\n",
       "    background-color: #fafbfe;\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexaction, .indexitem {\n",
       "    color: #000000;\n",
       "    font-family: Arial, 'Albany AMT', Helvetica, Helv;\n",
       "    font-size:  normal;\n",
       "    font-style: normal;\n",
       "    font-weight: normal;\n",
       "    list-style-type: none;\n",
       "    margin-left: 6pt;\n",
       "}\n",
       ".indexprocname {\n",
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       "</head>\n",
       "<body class=\"l body\">\n",
       "<div style=\"padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 1px\">\n",
       "<div id=\"IDX\" class=\"systitleandfootercontainer\" style=\"border-spacing: 1px\">\n",
       "<p><span class=\"c systemtitle\">The SAS System</span> </p>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "<div style=\"padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 1px\">\n",
       "<table class=\"table\" style=\"border-spacing: 0\" aria-label=\"Query Results\">\n",
       "<caption aria-label=\"Query Results\"></caption>\n",
       "<colgroup><col/><col/><col/></colgroup>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">medianAge</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"b header\" scope=\"col\">sex</th>\n",
       "<th class=\"r b header\" scope=\"col\">pclass</th>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">36</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">female</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">28</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">female</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">2</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">22</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">female</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">3</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">42</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">male</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">1</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">29.5</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">male</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">2</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "<tr>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">25</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"data\">male</td>\n",
       "<td class=\"r data\">3</td>\n",
       "</tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "</body>\n",
       "</html>\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "proc sql;\n",
    "    select median(age) as medianAge, sex, pclass from titanic\n",
    "    group by sex, pclass;\n",
    "quit;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Therefore, the imputed values for ``age`` are conditional on the passenger's ``sex`` and ``pclass`` values.  The ``fare`` variable seems like it could be a useful predictor of survival.   Because only one value is missing, that observation was discarded.  The categorical variables with missing values (``cabin``, ``embarked``, ``boat``, ``body``, and ``home_dest``) intuitively do not seem like they would be good predictors of survival, so those columns are dropped from the data set."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "   \"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd\">\n",
       "\n",
       "<html>\n",
       "<head>\n",
       "  <title></title>\n",
       "  <meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text/html; charset=None\">\n",
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       "td.linenos { background-color: #f0f0f0; padding-right: 10px; }\n",
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       "body .vg { color: #008000 } /* Name.Variable.Global */\n",
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       "\n",
       "  </style>\n",
       "</head>\n",
       "<body>\n",
       "<h2></h2>\n",
       "\n",
       "<div class=\"highlight\"><pre><span></span><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: Writing HTML5(SASPY_INTERNAL) Body file: STDOUT</span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: The query requires remerging summary statistics back with the original data.</span><br><span class=\"n n-Multiline\">WARNING: Variable age already exists on file WORK.TITANICTRAINCLEAN.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: Table WORK.TITANICTRAINCLEAN created, with 1048 rows and 10 columns.</span><br><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: PROCEDURE SQL used (Total process time):</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      real time           0.02 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      cpu time            0.01 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      </span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: The query requires remerging summary statistics back with the original data.</span><br><span class=\"n n-Multiline\">WARNING: Variable age already exists on file WORK.TITANICTESTCLEAN.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: Table WORK.TITANICTESTCLEAN created, with 260 rows and 9 columns.</span><br><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: PROCEDURE SQL used (Total process time):</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      real time           0.00 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      cpu time            0.01 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      </span><br></pre></div>\n",
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     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   ],
   "source": [
    "/* Handle missing values for the training data */\n",
    "proc sql;\n",
    "    create table titanicTrainClean as \n",
    "    select coalesce(age, median(age)) as age, * from titanicTrain(drop=cabin embarked boat body home_dest)\n",
    "    where fare IS NOT MISSING\n",
    "    group by sex, pclass;\n",
    "quit;\n",
    "/* Handle missing values for the test data */\n",
    "proc sql;\n",
    "    create table titanicTestClean as \n",
    "    select coalesce(age, median(age)) as age, * from titanicTest(drop=cabin embarked boat body home_dest)\n",
    "    where fare IS NOT MISSING\n",
    "    group by sex, pclass;\n",
    "quit;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 11. Save your clean data sets to your ``myfolders`` directory for use in future lectures and assignments."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN\"\n",
       "   \"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd\">\n",
       "\n",
       "<html>\n",
       "<head>\n",
       "  <title></title>\n",
       "  <meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text/html; charset=None\">\n",
       "  <style type=\"text/css\">\n",
       "td.linenos { background-color: #f0f0f0; padding-right: 10px; }\n",
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       "<h2></h2>\n",
       "\n",
       "<div class=\"highlight\"><pre><span></span><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: Writing HTML5(SASPY_INTERNAL) Body file: STDOUT</span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: The file &#39;/folders/myfolders/titanicTrainClean.csv&#39; is:</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      Filename=/folders/myfolders/titanicTrainClean.csv,</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      Owner Name=root,Group Name=vboxsf,</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      Access Permission=-rwxrwx---,</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      Last Modified=13Mar2019:11:10:34</span><br><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: 1049 records were written to the file &#39;/folders/myfolders/titanicTrainClean.csv&#39;.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      The minimum record length was 44.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      The maximum record length was 91.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: There were 1048 observations read from the data set WORK.TITANICTRAINCLEAN.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time):</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      real time           0.03 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      cpu time            0.00 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      </span><br><span class=\"s\">1048 records created in /folders/myfolders/titanicTrainClean.csv from TITANICTRAINCLEAN.</span><br><span class=\"s\">  </span><br><span class=\"s\">  </span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: &quot;/folders/myfolders/titanicTrainClean.csv&quot; file was successfully created.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: PROCEDURE EXPORT used (Total process time):</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      real time           0.15 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      cpu time            0.05 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      </span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: The file &#39;/folders/myfolders/titanicTestClean.csv&#39; is:</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      Filename=/folders/myfolders/titanicTestClean.csv,</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      Owner Name=root,Group Name=vboxsf,</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      Access Permission=-rwxrwx---,</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      Last Modified=13Mar2019:11:10:34</span><br><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: 261 records were written to the file &#39;/folders/myfolders/titanicTestClean.csv&#39;.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      The minimum record length was 42.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      The maximum record length was 90.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: There were 260 observations read from the data set WORK.TITANICTESTCLEAN.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time):</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      real time           0.01 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      cpu time            0.00 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      </span><br><span class=\"s\">260 records created in /folders/myfolders/titanicTestClean.csv from TITANICTESTCLEAN.</span><br><span class=\"s\">  </span><br><span class=\"s\">  </span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: &quot;/folders/myfolders/titanicTestClean.csv&quot; file was successfully created.</span><br><span class=\"cm\">NOTE: PROCEDURE EXPORT used (Total process time):</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      real time           0.09 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      cpu time            0.05 seconds</span><br><span class=\"cm\">      </span><br></pre></div>\n",
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     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "proc export data=titanicTrainClean dbms=csv\n",
    "    outfile=\"/folders/myfolders/titanicTrainClean.csv\" replace;\n",
    "run;\n",
    "proc export data=titanicTestClean dbms=csv\n",
    "    outfile=\"/folders/myfolders/titanicTestClean.csv\" replace;\n",
    "run;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
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    "\n"
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