Arrays.py

# Python Arrays
# *Note: Python does not have built-in support for Arrays, but Python Lists can be used instead.

# Arrays
# *Note: This page shows you how to use LISTS as ARRAYS, however, to work with arrays in Python you will have to import a library, like the NumPy library.

# Arrays are used to store multiple values in one single variable:

# Example
# Create an array containing car names:

cars = ["Ford", "Volvo", "BMW"]

# What is an Array?
# An array is a special variable, which can hold more than one value at a time.

# If you have a list of items (a list of car names, for example), storing the cars in single variables could look like this:

car1 = "Ford"
car2 = "Volvo"
car3 = "BMW"

# However, what if you want to loop through the cars and find a specific one? And what if you had not 3 cars, but 300?

# The solution is an array!

# An array can hold many values under a single name, and you can access the values by referring to an index number.

# Access the Elements of an Array
# You refer to an array element by referring to the index number.

# Example
# Get the value of the first array item:

x = cars[0]
# Example
# Modify the value of the first array item:

cars[0] = "Toyota"

# The Length of an Array
# Use the len() method to return the length of an array (the number of elements in an array).

# Example
# Return the number of elements in the cars array:

x = len(cars)

# *Note: The length of an array is always one more than the highest array index.

# Looping Array Elements
# You can use the for in loop to loop through all the elements of an array.

# Example
# Print each item in the cars array:

for x in cars:
  print(x)

# Adding Array Elements
# You can use the append() method to add an element to an array.

# Example
# Add one more element to the cars array:

cars.append("Honda")

# Removing Array Elements
# You can use the pop() method to remove an element from the array.

# Example
# Delete the second element of the cars array:

cars.pop(1)

# You can also use the remove() method to remove an element from the array.

# Example
# Delete the element that has the value "Volvo":

cars.remove("Volvo")

# *Note: The list's remove() method only removes the first occurrence of the specified value.

# Array Methods
# Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use on lists/arrays.

# Method	Description

# append()	Adds an element at the end of the list
# clear()	Removes all the elements from the list
# copy()	Returns a copy of the list
# count()	Returns the number of elements with the specified value
# extend()	Add the elements of a list (or any iterable), to the end of the current list
# index()	Returns the index of the first element with the specified value
# insert()	Adds an element at the specified position
# pop()	Removes the element at the specified position
# remove()	Removes the first item with the specified value
# reverse()	Reverses the order of the list
# sort()	Sorts the list

# *Note: Methods of Arrays & Lists Are Exactly Same
# *Note: Python does not have built-in support for Arrays, but Python Lists can be used instead.