fractional_knapsack_2.py

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_knapsack_problem
# https://www.guru99.com/fractional-knapsack-problem-greedy.html
# https://medium.com/walkinthecode/greedy-algorithm-fractional-knapsack-problem-9aba1daecc93

from __future__ import annotations


def fractional_knapsack(
    value: list[int], weight: list[int], capacity: int
) -> tuple[int, list[int]]:
    """
    >>> value = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
    >>> weight = [0.9, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3, 0.1]
    >>> fractional_knapsack(value, weight, 5)
    (25, [1, 1, 1, 1, 1])
    >>> fractional_knapsack(value, weight, 15)
    (25, [1, 1, 1, 1, 1])
    >>> fractional_knapsack(value, weight, 25)
    (25, [1, 1, 1, 1, 1])
    >>> fractional_knapsack(value, weight, 26)
    (25, [1, 1, 1, 1, 1])
    >>> fractional_knapsack(value, weight, -1)
    (-90.0, [0, 0, 0, 0, -10.0])
    >>> fractional_knapsack([1, 3, 5, 7], weight, 30)
    (16, [1, 1, 1, 1])
    >>> fractional_knapsack(value, [0.9, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3, 0.1], 30)
    (25, [1, 1, 1, 1, 1])
    >>> fractional_knapsack([], [], 30)
    (0, [])
    """
    index = list(range(len(value)))
    ratio = [v / w for v, w in zip(value, weight)]
    index.sort(key=lambda i: ratio[i], reverse=True)

    max_value = 0
    fractions = [0] * len(value)
    for i in index:
        if weight[i] <= capacity:
            fractions[i] = 1
            max_value += value[i]
            capacity -= weight[i]
        else:
            fractions[i] = capacity / weight[i]
            max_value += value[i] * capacity / weight[i]
            break

    return max_value, fractions


if __name__ == "__main__":
    n = int(input("Enter number of items: "))
    value = input(f"Enter the values of the {n} item(s) in order: ").split()
    value = [int(v) for v in value]
    weight = input(f"Enter the positive weights of the {n} item(s) in order: ".split())
    weight = [int(w) for w in weight]
    capacity = int(input("Enter maximum weight: "))

    max_value, fractions = fractional_knapsack(value, weight, capacity)
    print("The maximum value of items that can be carried:", max_value)
    print("The fractions in which the items should be taken:", fractions)